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H i2``2 \ .QMM2` H2tT`2bbBQM /2 2M 7QM+iBQM MQiKK2Mi /2 HBMi2MbBiû /m +Qm`Mi
2i /2 X
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Z 9RX
1tT`BK2` H2 +?KT ûH2+i`B[m2
PM bmTTQb2 [m2 H pH2m` /m TQi2MiB2H 2bi MmHH2 ¨ ;`M/2 /BbiM+2X
Z 9kX
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TQBMi 2M 7QM+iBQM
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Zm2HH2 `2HiBQM /û}MBi H2b
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6B;m`2 R9
1tT`BK2` H /Bzû`2M+2 /2 TQi2MiB2H Hm2 bm` H2 pQHiKi`2 U};m`2 RkVX JQMi`2`
[m2 H
`ûbBbiBpBiû bû+`Bi
Q 2bi H2 7+i2m` ;ûQKûi`B[m2 ¨ 2tT`BK2` 2M 7QM+iBQM /2b /BbiM+2b - -
2i X
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Z 9jX
6B;m`2 R8
kyR3@yj@y8 RN,jR,9N
S;2 efN
y-9 o
y-e o
R-k8 o
R o
y-3 o
j o
k o
9 o
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R-8 o
9o
ko
jo
Ro
R-k8 o
y-3 o
y-e o
y-9 o
Z 98X
G2b +Qm`#2b /2 H };m`2 Re T`ûb2Mi2Mi H2 `ûbmHii /2 H bBKmHiBQM /2b
û[mBTQi2MiB2HH2b i`+û2b TQm` /2mt
ûH2+i`Q/2b /BbiMi2b /2 Ry K bBimû2b 2M N THMiû2b /Mb mM i2``BM /2 `ûbBbiBpBiû
NX GBMi2MbBiû
/m +Qm`Mi 2bi "X Zm2 pmi H2 7+i2m` ;ûQKûi`B[m2 +Q``2bTQM/Mi /Mb H
+QM};m`iBQM /2 q2MM2` \
*2ii2 pH2m` 2bi@2HH2 2M ++Q`/ p2+ H bBKmHiBQM /2 H };m`2 Re \
UKV
9 o
j o
y-9 o
y-e o
y-3 o
R o
R-k8 o
R-8 o
yo
y-k o
y-k o
UKV
Ro
y-3 o
y-e o
y-9 o
R-8 o
R-k8 o
ko
jo
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y-k o
yo
k o
y-k o
UKV
UKV
6B;m`2 Re
Z 9eX
h`+2`- 2M 2tTHB[mMi pQi`2 /ûK`+?2- HHHm`2 /2b HB;M2b /2 +Qm`MiX
oX" JQ/H2 ¨ /2mt i2``BMb
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¨ /2mt i2``BMb- H2
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TQm` H +Qm+?2 bmTû`B2m`2 2i
/2 `ûbBbiBpBiû 2i /ûTBbb2m` BM}MB2 TQm` H +Qm+?2 BM7û`B2m`2 U};m`2 RdVX G
`ûbBbiBpBiû TT`2Mi2 2bi K2bm`û2
TQm` /Bzû`2Mib 2bT+2K2Mib 2Mi`2 ûH2+i`Q/2b U/BbiM+2 p`B#H2VX
kyR3@yj@y8 RN,jR,9N
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HQ`b[m2 2bi i`b
;`M/2 \
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+Qm`#2 /mM bQM/;2
ûH2+i`B[m2 2tû+miû bm` mM bQmb@bQH +QKTQbû /2 /2mt i2``BMb Q H T`2KB`2 +Qm+?2
mM2 ûTBbb2m` 2i mM2
`ûbBbiBpBiû X
_ûbBbiBpBiû TT`2Mi2 UKV
UKV
6B;m`2 R3 J2bm`2 /2mt i2``BMb
.QMMû2b MmKû`B[m2b
*QMbiMi2 /2 ;`pBiiBQM mMBp2`b2HH2
LH N T
_vQM /2 H h2``2
LN
Jbb2 /2 H h2``2
LH
lMBiû /2 K2bm`2 /2 H T2bMi2m`
HBM DNT
P`/`2 /2 ;`M/2m` /2 H b2MbB#BHBiû /2b ;`pBKi`2b +im2Hb
ËHBM
kyR3@yj@y8 RN,jR,9N
S;2 3fN
ABAQUE CH 1
1
2
100
h1
Module de l'échelle logarithmique
8
2/ 1=
100
h1
1
a
50
10
A·B
2
30
20
15
12
9
7
5
4
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.25
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.03
0
0.02
6B;m`2 RN #[m2 *>R
r r r 6AL r r r
kyR3@yj@y8 RN,jR,9N
S;2 NfN